ULTRASONIC WAVE PARAMETERS FOR PRE-SOWING TREATMENT OF GRAIN
DOI 10.12737/2073-0462-2025-64-71 УДК 534.21:58.03:633.1
Keywords:
justification, parameter, ultrasound, pre-sowing treatment, Fresnel zone, seeds, water, experiment.Abstract
The purpose of the study is to substantiate the ultrasonic wave parameters for pre-sowing treatment of grain in an aquatic environment. The objectives of the study: selection of a mathematical model and calculation of the characteristics of the ultrasonic vibration field of a disk piezoelectric emitter in water, determination of the intensity of ultrasonic vibrations in an aquatic environment with and without grain, substantiation of the parameters of ultrasonic radiation used for pre-sowing treatment of seeds. It was determined that the first-order Bessel functions of the first kind and the equations of geometric acoustics can be used to describe the propagation of an ultrasonic wave in an aquatic environment. Both mathematical models lead to the conclusion that in the field of propagation of an ultrasonic wave in water, it is possible to distinguish near and far zones: in the near zone, a monotonic distribution of the energy of ultrasonic vibrations occurs, in the far zone, the energy dissipation has a geometric distribution in the form of a truncated cone. To describe the ultrasonic wave near the disk emitter, it is sufficient to apply the formulas of geometric acoustics, since they provide a more visual representation of the ultrasound propagation process and a simple formula for estimating the size of the near zone. The stable effect of ultrasound on grain in an aqueous medium is ensured in the near zone - the theoretical justification agrees with the experimental results. The experiment showed that the ultrasound intensity decreases at a distance of approximately 1 cm from the emitter surface (to 6.4 V/div). At a given frequency, in the absence of grain, this distance determines the boundary of the near zone, which, according to the mathematical model and the evaluation formula, should be equal to 0.9 cm. In water with grain, a different distribution of radiation intensity is observed. The effect of ultrasound on seeds during their pre-sowing treatment has the greatest effect in a layer of hydromixture no more than 0.5 cm thick (corresponding to the thickness of 1-2 grains) at an ultrasonic vibration frequency of 60 kHz, a radiation power of 240 W and an exposure time of 3 minutes.
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